Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent benign gynecological condition, defined as the presence and growth of endometrioid tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is characterized by a chronic inflammatory condition, pelvic pain, infertility, severe dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. This hormonal disease is one of the most frequently encountered gynecological diseases, known to occur in 6–10% of women of reproductive age, but still without firm theory on its pathogenesis. The most serious endometriosis-associated problem is infertility which is confirmed by numerous studies (30 to 50% of women with endometriosis are sub-fertile or infertile) 3. Since there is no unique and completely valid causal treatment, except hormonal treatment, surgery, removing the endometrial-like tissue often with all affected organs, there is an increasing interest to treat endometriosis with herbal remedies. Medicinal plants are rich sources of biologically active compounds that exert a wide range of benefits (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative effects) that can be useful in the treatment of this serious hormonal disease. The main goal of this project will be the evaluation of the pharmacological potential of the three selected medicinal plants in the treatment of endometriosis, in respect to our previous work, literature data, and their traditional use in the treatment of gynecological problems. The project leaders are Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudolf Bauer from the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz and Dr. Jelena Katanić Stanković, senior research associate at the Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac.